I don't think you did anything wrong.
I have two theories as to what happened. The first is that this man is an intimacy phobic and when you asked to talk about exclusivity, he became terrified. Rather than admit his own frailty, he redirected the blame onto you and off of his rather anemic ego.
The second interpretation is that this man is a player. Notice how he took your question as an accusation, that you don't trust him. Why would he have reacted so intensely unless he had a guilty conscience and deserves not to be trusted!
My third interpretation is related to my first one, that his ego is weak. When a person has a weak ego, he/she is easily bruised. Clearly he took your question as an accusation, that you didn't trust him. It's better you found out sooner rather than later just how fragile this man's ego is.
In terms of what to do. I'm not too hopeful about the possibility of a relationship with this man. He left you no room for discussion, went into action and kicked you to the curb.
Even if you do approach him and you manage to reestablish contact, you will have to be prepared for him to do this again the next time you say or do something that lands wrong with him.
I think it would be more fruitful for you to examine why you are so drawn to a man who has treated you so miserably. My Personality Profile would be a good place for you to start. It will help you understand what type of wounds you might have sustained in your formative years that would set you up for going back for more abuse.
I wish you the best. You sound like a lovely woman.